{"id":755,"date":"2017-01-15T12:51:03","date_gmt":"2017-01-15T11:51:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=755"},"modified":"2023-04-01T09:47:55","modified_gmt":"2023-04-01T07:47:55","slug":"metoda-jbm","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=755","title":{"rendered":"Metoda JBM"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Jednoduchou bodovou metodu (JBM) jsem vytvo\u0159il v&nbsp;roce 2000 na z\u00e1klad\u011b informac\u00ed z&nbsp;N\u00e1vodu pro hodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci, kter\u00fd v&nbsp;roce 1996 v&nbsp;Lucembursku vydalo \u0158editelstv\u00ed pro bezpe\u010dnost a ochranu zdrav\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci jako n\u00e1vod pro zem\u011b Evropsk\u00e9 unie k&nbsp;napln\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f \u010dl.&nbsp;6 a 9 Sm\u011brnice Rady \u010d.&nbsp;89\/391\/EHS o zaveden\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a ochrany zdrav\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f p\u0159i&nbsp;pr\u00e1ci (na&nbsp;z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u00e9to informace je metoda v&nbsp;n\u011bkter\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 literatu\u0159e omylem naz\u00fdv\u00e1na Lucemburskou metodou). Dal\u0161\u00edmi zdroji informac\u00ed byly metoda BOMECH a metoda prezentovan\u00e1 V\u00daBP Praha. C\u00edlem bylo vytvo\u0159it snadno aplikovatelnou metodu nevy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zapracov\u00e1n\u00ed pro jej\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed, jej\u00ed\u017e v\u00fdstupy by byly dob\u0159e srovnateln\u00e9, m\u011bly dostate\u010dnou vypov\u00eddac\u00ed hodnotu o m\u00ed\u0159e rizika a byly srozumiteln\u00e9 i&nbsp;osob\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 nejsou znal\u00e9 t\u00e9to metody, tedy p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vedouc\u00edm zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed by s&nbsp;jej\u00edmi v\u00fdsledky m\u011bli pracovat.<\/p>\n<p>Metoda slou\u017e\u00ed k&nbsp;snadn\u00e9mu vyhodnocen\u00ed ji\u017e vyhledan\u00fdch rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci pomoc\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pravd\u011bpodobnost ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edho n\u00e1sledku, tedy, jak \u010dasto se ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed jev, jen\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit \u0161kodu, vyskytuje,<\/li>\n<li>expozice rizika, tedy doba po kterou je zam\u011bstnanec potencion\u00e1ln\u011b riziku vystaven za rok (nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v&nbsp;poli rizika),<\/li>\n<li>ochrann\u00e1 reakce p\u0159i vzniku rizikov\u00e9 situace p\u0159ed ohro\u017een\u00edm zdrav\u00ed,<\/li>\n<li>n\u00e1sledky rizika.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>JBM se v&nbsp;praxi osv\u011bd\u010dila na r\u016fzn\u00fdch typech pracovi\u0161\u0165, nap\u0159\u00edklad ve v\u00fdrob\u011b, v&nbsp;oblasti tvorby software a mont\u00e1\u017ee PC, ve zdravotnictv\u00ed. T\u00e9\u017e ji pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed firmy poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed slu\u017eby v&nbsp;oblasti BOZP. Sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto si vydobyla i&nbsp;v&nbsp;teorii managementu \u2013 pronikla do odborn\u00e9 literatury i do&nbsp;diplomov\u00fdch prac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Do&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Metoda-JBM_2.pdf\">vyhodnocovac\u00ed tabulky<\/a> t\u00e9to metody se k&nbsp;jednotliv\u00fdm vyhledan\u00fdm nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch \u010dinitel\u016fm uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed vyhledan\u00e9 zdroje rizik a nejhor\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 n\u00e1sledky (spr\u00e1vn\u011b by m\u011bla b\u00fdt vyhodnocena rizika na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u0161ech p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdch n\u00e1sledk\u016f, av\u0161ak v praxi se uplat\u0148uje nejhor\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fd n\u00e1sledek).<\/p>\n<p>K&nbsp;nim se p\u0159i\u0159azuj\u00ed hodnoty bodov\u00e9ho hodnocen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou uvedeny v&nbsp;n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159ehledu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pravd\u011bpodobnost ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edho n\u00e1sledku<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u010dast\u00fd v\u00fdskyt &#8230;.. 10,0<\/li>\n<li>mo\u017en\u00fd v\u00fdskyt &#8230;.. 6,0<\/li>\n<li>nen\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, ale je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 &#8230;.. 3,0<\/li>\n<li>n\u011bkdy se vyskytne &#8230;.. 1,0<\/li>\n<li>je\u0161t\u011b se nevyskytl, je v\u0161ak mo\u017en\u00fd &#8230;.. 0,5<\/li>\n<li>prakticky nemo\u017en\u00fd (pravd\u011bpodobnost 1 : 1 000 000) &#8230;.. 0,2<\/li>\n<li>vylou\u010den\u00fd &#8230;.. 0,1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Expozice rizika<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>st\u00e1le &#8230;.. 10,0<\/li>\n<li>\u010dasto (denn\u011b) &#8230;.. 6,0<\/li>\n<li>p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b &#8230;.. 3,0<\/li>\n<li>ob\u010das (m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b) &#8230;.. 2,0<\/li>\n<li>z\u0159\u00eddka (n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t za rok) &#8230;.. 1,0<\/li>\n<li>velmi z\u0159\u00eddka (ro\u010dn\u011b) &#8230;.. 0,5<\/li>\n<li>nen\u00ed expozice &#8230;.. 0,0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Ochrann\u00e1 reakce<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nemo\u017en\u00e1 &#8230;.. 1,00<\/li>\n<li>velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 &#8230;.. 0,95<\/li>\n<li>obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e1 &#8230;.. 0,90<\/li>\n<li>mo\u017en\u00e1 &#8230;.. 0,85<\/li>\n<li>snadn\u00e1 (reflexn\u00ed) &#8230;.. 0,80<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>N\u00e1sledky rizika<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>katastrofick\u00e9 (mnoho smrteln\u00fdch \u00faraz\u016f nebo \u0161koda nad K\u010d 100 000 000,\u2013) &#8230;.. 100<\/li>\n<li>velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 (n\u011bkolik smrteln\u00fdch \u00faraz\u016f nebo \u0161koda nad K\u010d 10 000 000,\u2013) &#8230;.. 40<\/li>\n<li>z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 (jeden smrteln\u00fd \u00faraz nebo \u0161koda nad K\u010d 1 000 000,\u2013) &#8230;.. 15<\/li>\n<li>v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 (t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd \u00faraz [zran\u011bn\u00ed] nebo \u0161koda nad K\u010d 100 000,\u2013, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b nemoci z povol\u00e1n\u00ed) &#8230;.. 7<\/li>\n<li>lehk\u00e9 (\u00faraz nebo \u0161koda nad K\u010d 10 000,\u2013, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b trval\u00e9 zhor\u0161en\u00ed zdravotn\u00edho stavu \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad o\u010d\u00ed) &#8230;.. 3<\/li>\n<li>zanedbateln\u00e9 (drobn\u00e9 poran\u011bn\u00ed nebo \u0161koda, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pracovn\u00ed pohody) &#8230;.. 1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0160kodou, kter\u00e1 je vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena finan\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stkou nen\u00ed my\u0161lena \u0161koda vznikl\u00e1 na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo objektu, ale pouze \u0161koda, je\u017e m\u00e1 vztah k&nbsp;bezpe\u010dnosti a ochran\u011b zdrav\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci, tedy \u0161koda, kter\u00e1 vznikla po\u0161kozen\u00e9mu, \u0161koda na opat\u0159en\u00edch zaveden\u00fdch k prevenci rizik apod.<\/p>\n<p>Vyn\u00e1soben\u00edm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch hodnot pro p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 riziko se z\u00edsk\u00e1 hodnota vyjad\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed m\u00edru rizika. Podl\u00e9 n\u00ed se ur\u010d\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017enost rizika a nutnost jeho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u00edra rizika<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Z\u00e1va\u017enost rizika<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 400&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; velmi vysok\u00e9 riziko, zastavit \u010dinnost,<\/p>\n<p>200 a\u017e 400 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; vysok\u00e9 riziko, pot\u0159eba okam\u017eit\u00e9ho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed,<\/p>\n<p>70 a\u017e 200 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; zna\u010dn\u00e9 riziko, pot\u0159eba \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed,<\/p>\n<p>20 a\u017e 70 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; riziko, pot\u0159eba zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 pozornosti,<\/p>\n<p>men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 20 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 riziko.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00edm je hodnota m\u00edry rizika vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, t\u00edm je nezbytn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prov\u00e9st opat\u0159en\u00ed k vylou\u010den\u00ed rizika nebo alespo\u0148 k&nbsp;omezen\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed jeho vliv\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Metoda JBM nav\u00edc umo\u017e\u0148uje stanovit preferenci proveden\u00ed navr\u017een\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed v&nbsp;z\u00e1vislosti na&nbsp;po\u010dtu rizikem ohro\u017een\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Za n\u011b jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny osoby, kter\u00fdm m\u016f\u017ee potencion\u00e1ln\u011b vzniknout \u0161koda, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b u nich m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt k sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pracovn\u00ed pohody. Nikoliv v\u0161ichni zam\u011bstnanci vyskytuj\u00edc\u00ed se na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m pracovi\u0161ti. Minim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det ohro\u017een\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, je\u017e ur\u010duje p\u0159ednostn\u00ed proveden\u00ed navr\u017een\u00e9ho opat\u0159en\u00ed je stanoven v z\u00e1vislosti na zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e rizika.<\/p>\n<p><strong>M\u00edra rizika&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Po\u010det ohro\u017een\u00fdch osob<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>200 a\u017e 400 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 osoby<\/p>\n<p>70 a\u017e 200 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 osob<\/p>\n<p>20 a\u017e 70 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; v\u00edce ne\u017e 15 osob<\/p>\n<p>m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 20 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 osob<\/p>\n<p>Pro hodnoty m\u00edry rizika v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 400 nen\u00ed po\u010det osob stanoven, nebo\u0165 tato m\u00edra vy\u017eaduje p\u0159eru\u0161it \u010dinnost a riziko okam\u017eit\u011b \u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n<p>Preference se v&nbsp;hodnot\u00edc\u00ed tabulce vyjad\u0159uje symbolem \u201e+\u201c za hodnotou m\u00edry rizika (nap\u0159\u00edklad: 120+). Lze tak doporu\u010dit, aby navr\u017een\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed k&nbsp;odstran\u011bn\u00ed nebo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed rizika s&nbsp;m\u00edrou 120, je\u017e ohro\u017euje v\u00edce ne\u017e deset zam\u011bstnanc\u016f bylo realizov\u00e1no d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e opat\u0159en\u00ed k&nbsp;odstran\u011bn\u00ed jin\u00e9ho rizika s&nbsp;m\u00edrou 140, kter\u00e9 ohro\u017euje jen p\u011bt osob.<\/p>\n<p>Vypln\u011bn\u00e9 hodnot\u00edc\u00ed tabulky mohou b\u00fdt za\u0159azeny do&nbsp; <a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/protokol.pdf\">protokolu<\/a>&nbsp;o vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">2017-01-31<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=751\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/img\/menubutton.jpg\" alt=\"o uroven vyse\" width=\"50\" height=\"72\"><\/a><\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jednoduchou bodovou metodu (JBM) jsem vytvo\u0159il v&nbsp;roce 2000 na z\u00e1klad\u011b informac\u00ed z&nbsp;N\u00e1vodu pro hodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci, kter\u00fd v&nbsp;roce 1996 v&nbsp;Lucembursku vydalo \u0158editelstv\u00ed pro bezpe\u010dnost a ochranu zdrav\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci jako n\u00e1vod pro zem\u011b Evropsk\u00e9 unie k&nbsp;napln\u011bn\u00ed po\u017eadavk\u016f \u010dl.&nbsp;6 a 9 Sm\u011brnice Rady \u010d.&nbsp;89\/391\/EHS o zaveden\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a ochrany zdrav\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f p\u0159i&nbsp;pr\u00e1ci [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/755"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=755"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/755\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5388,"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/755\/revisions\/5388"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}