{"id":711,"date":"2017-01-15T00:55:27","date_gmt":"2017-01-14T23:55:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=711"},"modified":"2024-11-04T14:13:02","modified_gmt":"2024-11-04T13:13:02","slug":"zajisteni-bozp-v-mikrofirmach","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=711","title":{"rendered":"Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed BOZP v mikrofirm\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1612\" src=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/zednik.gif\" alt=\"zednik\" width=\"250\" height=\"231\" \/>Pojem \u201emikrofirma\u201c je pojmem ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm a ozna\u010duje firmy s\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u011b dev\u00edti\u00a0zam\u011bstnanci a s\u00a0ro\u010dn\u00edm obratem nep\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm 2\u00a0000\u00a0000 EUR. V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice je t\u011bchto firem drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina (v\u00edce ne\u017e 90\u00a0%). Po\u017eadavky na\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed BOZP nerozli\u0161uj\u00ed mezi velkou a malou firmou nebo dokonce mikrofirmou.<\/p>\n<p>Zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1-li zam\u011bstnavatel pouze jednoho zam\u011bstnance, mus\u00ed plnit stejn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed BOZP jako zam\u011bstnavatel s\u00a0n\u011bkolika stovkami zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. P\u0159itom je zcela z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee mo\u017enost, aby si majitel mikrofirmy zaji\u0161\u0165oval BOZP s\u00e1m, by\u0165 mu to z\u00e1kon za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek umo\u017e\u0148uje, je pouze teoretick\u00e1, a \u017ee se bez extern\u00ed <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=741\">odborn\u011b zp\u016fsobil\u00e9 osoby k zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f v prevenci rizik<\/a><\/strong> alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b neobejde.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-592\" src=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/peklo.jpg\" alt=\"peklo\" width=\"280\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/peklo.jpg 583w, https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/peklo-300x192.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 280px) 100vw, 280px\" \/>P\u0159esto mus\u00ed m\u00edt dostate\u010dn\u00e9 <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/minimum_BOZP.pdf\">minim\u00e1ln\u00ed znalosti o BOZP<\/a><\/strong>, aby byl schopen vyhodnotit, zda mu tato osoba poskytuje dostate\u010dn\u00e9 slu\u017eby (n\u011bkdy napomohou <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=2145\">webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky firmy<\/a><\/strong>). Krit\u00e9riem pro v\u00fdb\u011br odborn\u011b zp\u016fsobil\u00e9 osoby k zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f v prevenci rizik by nem\u011bla b\u00fdt pouze cena poskytovan\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, i\u00a0kdy\u017e zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pro mikrofirmy je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, ale t\u00e9\u017e zku\u0161enost v\u00a0zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed BOZP v\u00a0mikrofirm\u00e1ch. Je zna\u010dn\u00fd rozd\u00edl v\u00a0zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b BOZP ve\u00a0velk\u00e9 a v\u00a0mal\u00e9 firm\u011b. Tak\u00e9 si mus\u00ed uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm si odborn\u011b zp\u016fsobil\u00e9 osoby na ni nep\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=586\">odpov\u011bdnost za zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed BOZP<\/a><\/strong> na jeho pracovi\u0161t\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Zam\u011bstnavatel (majitel mikrofirmy) by m\u011bl po\u00a0osob\u011b odborn\u011b zp\u016fsobil\u00e9 k\u00a0prevenci rizik smluvn\u011b po\u017eadovat zejm\u00e9na:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>p\u0159ehled v\u0161ech pr\u00e1vn\u00edch a ostatn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f k\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed BOZP, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed j\u00edm provozovan\u00e9 \u010dinnosti (nemysl\u00edm t\u00edm obecn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy o\u00a0BOZP, ale jen p\u0159edpisy p\u0159\u00edmo \u0159e\u0161\u00edc\u00ed pravidla pro\u00a0provozovan\u00e9 \u010dinnosti), v\u010detn\u011b v\u0161ech novel (\u00fadaj &#8222;ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f&#8220; je zcela nedostate\u010dn\u00fd!),<\/li>\n<li>stru\u010dn\u00fd, resp. heslovit\u00fd, p\u0159ehled v\u0161ech konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch povinnost\u00ed v\u00a0oblasti BOZP, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed mikrofirma plnit, v\u010detn\u011b \u010detnosti pln\u011bn\u00ed, je\u017e vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z\u00a0po\u017eadavk\u016f pr\u00e1vn\u00edch a ostatn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f k\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed BOZP, nap\u0159. lh\u016fty kontrol a reviz\u00ed technick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (obecn\u00e9 formulace typu \u201ez\u00e1znam o\u00a0\u00farazu zaslat p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm org\u00e1n\u016fm\u201c jsou zcela nedostate\u010dn\u00e9!),<\/li>\n<li>proveden\u00ed <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=753\">vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i\u00a0pr\u00e1ci<\/a><\/strong>, jeho\u017e v\u00fdstupem bude <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/protokol.pdf\">protokol<\/a><\/strong> obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed vyhledan\u00e1 rizika, zji\u0161t\u011bnou m\u00edru rizika a jej\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed ve\u00a0vztahu k\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed BOZP v\u00a0mikrofirm\u011b a d\u00e1le navr\u017een\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed (nebudou v\u00a0n\u011bm uvedeny po\u017eadavky pr\u00e1vn\u00edch a ostatn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f k\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed BOZP, kter\u00e9 firma spl\u0148uje); navr\u017een\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed budou projedn\u00e1na a do\u00a0z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9ho zn\u011bn\u00ed protokolu se uvedou jen opat\u0159en\u00ed dohodnut\u00e1, kter\u00e1 povedou k\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed produktivit\u011b pr\u00e1ce d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee se zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm bude l\u00e9pe pracovat, tzn. opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 majitel firmy schv\u00e1l\u00ed a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee je i\u00a0napln\u00ed, nikoliv, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0protokolu uvede zpracovatel, aby protokol byl co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejtlust\u0161\u00ed a tedy nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00ed a zam\u011bstnavatel jej zalo\u017eil do\u00a0\u0161upl\u00edku pro\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad kontroly (protokol mus\u00ed obsahovat pouze rizika vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k\u00a0provozovan\u00fdm \u010dinnostem nebo k\u00a0provozovan\u00fdm prostor\u00e1m [!]),<\/li>\n<li>zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed seznamu <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=998\">osobn\u00edch ochrann\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=1150\">myc\u00edch, \u010distic\u00edch a dezinfek\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f<\/a><\/strong> a ochrann\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed sv\u00fdm zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm poskytovat,<\/li>\n<li>zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed seznamu prac\u00ed zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch t\u011bhotn\u00fdm a koj\u00edc\u00edm \u017een\u00e1m, matk\u00e1m do\u00a0dev\u00e1t\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce po\u00a0porodu a mladistv\u00fdm (pokud p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00a0\u00favahu),<\/li>\n<li>zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed seznamu zdravotn\u00edch prohl\u00eddek a <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=3402\">o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a><\/strong>, kter\u00e1 mus\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci absolvovat,<\/li>\n<li>zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed osnov \u0161kolen\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed podklad\u016f pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch \u0161kolen\u00ed podle osnov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159e poskytuj\u00edc\u00edho pracovn\u011bl\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 slu\u017eby nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 bez poru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159edpisu nijak obej\u00edt. O\u00a0to mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed snaha z\u00a0jeho zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vydob\u00fdt v\u00edce informac\u00ed vyu\u017eiteln\u00fdch k\u00a0zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek a t\u00edm i\u00a0k\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed produktivity pr\u00e1ce. Bohu\u017eel probl\u00e9m je ji\u017e s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee l\u00e9ka\u0159i tuto \u010dinnost necht\u011bj\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt (nen\u00ed to jejich z\u00e1konn\u00e1 povinnost). V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee l\u00e9ka\u0159 odm\u00edtne tuto slu\u017ebu poskytovat, je vhodn\u00e9 po\u017eadovat po\u00a0n\u011bm jeho stanovisko p\u00edsemn\u011b. Ve\u00a0smlouv\u011b je nutn\u00e9 po\u00a0l\u00e9ka\u0159i po\u017eadovat nejen zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zdravotn\u00edch prohl\u00eddek zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, ale i\u00a0prohl\u00eddek provozovny z\u00a0hlediska ochrany zdrav\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u0161kolen\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f v\u00a0poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00ed pomoci a spolupr\u00e1ci p\u0159i\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=1271\"><strong>kategorizaci prac\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159e poskytuj\u00edc\u00edho pracovn\u011bl\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 slu\u017eby by m\u011blo nav\u00e1zat jednoduch\u00e9 proveden\u00ed kategorizace prac\u00ed. Posta\u010d\u00ed pouze do\u00a0p\u0159ehledov\u00e9 tabulky, pod\u00a0kterou se zpracuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00e1le by majitel mikrofirmy m\u011bl zkompletovat nebo zajistit zkompletov\u00e1n\u00ed provozn\u00edch dokumentac\u00ed ve\u00a0firm\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch stroj\u016f, technick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f a n\u00e1\u0159ad\u00ed. Zabezpe\u010dit prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed \u0161kolen\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f (podle dodan\u00fdch osnov a za\u00a0pomoci dodan\u00fdch podkladov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f) a v\u00e9st o\u00a0tom dokumentaci, poskytovat zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=998\">osobn\u00ed ochrann\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed prost\u0159edky<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=1150\">myc\u00ed, \u010distic\u00ed a dezinfek\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky<\/a><\/strong> a ochrann\u00e9 n\u00e1poje podle pro mikrofirmu zpracovan\u00e9ho seznamu a v\u00e9st o\u00a0tom dokumentaci.<\/p>\n<p>Pro p\u0159\u00edpad vzniku pracovn\u00edho \u00farazu, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b nemoci z\u00a0povol\u00e1n\u00ed, je\u017e nelze nikdy zcela vylou\u010dit, mus\u00ed m\u00edt sjedn\u00e1no z\u00e1konn\u00e9 poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee dojde k\u00a0pracovn\u00edmu \u00farazu mus\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatel prov\u00e9st po\u017eadovan\u00e9 eviden\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1le\u017eitosti (ohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, pro\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed vzniku, evidenci v <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/kniha_urazu.pdf\">knize \u00faraz\u016f<\/a><\/strong> a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b seps\u00e1n\u00ed <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/zaznam_o_urazu.doc\">zaznamu o urazu<\/a><\/strong> a jeho zasl\u00e1n\u00ed na\u00a0p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 instituce) a v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vzniku \u0161kod i\u00a0v\u0161echny n\u00e1le\u017eitosti nutn\u00e9 k\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=649\">vypl\u00e1cen\u00ed t\u011bchto n\u00e1hrad po\u0161kozen\u00e9mu<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Majitel mikrofirmy by je\u0161t\u011b m\u011bl p\u0159ijmout <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=978\">opat\u0159en\u00ed pro\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad zdol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed <\/a><\/strong>(v\u00fdpadek elektrick\u00e9 energie, hav\u00e1rie, po\u017e\u00e1r, povode\u0148). T\u00edm chr\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u016fj majetek, nebo\u0165 tak bude v\u00a0budoucnu on a jeho zam\u011bstnanci schopni minimalizovat n\u00e1sledky t\u011bchto ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nen\u00ed nikdy mo\u017en\u00e9 stoprocentn\u011b vylou\u010dit. Jedn\u00e1 se tedy o\u00a0vhodnou investici do\u00a0budoucna, obdobn\u011b jako sjedn\u00e1n\u00ed poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed kroky budou pro mikrofirmu znamenat zna\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, a proto je nutn\u00e9, aby byly efektivn\u011b vyu\u017eity (tzn. k\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed produktivity pr\u00e1ce), nebo\u0165 jen tak to m\u00e1 smysl. Nap\u0159\u00edklad t\u00edm, \u017ee:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>budou trvale realizov\u00e1na opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mikrofirma p\u0159ijala v\u00a0r\u00e1mci <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=753\">vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i\u00a0pr\u00e1ci<\/a><\/strong> a v\u00a0r\u00e1mci <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=1263\">kategorizace prac\u00ed<\/a><\/strong>, je\u017e vedou k\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed produktivit\u011b pr\u00e1ce d\u00edky tomu, \u017ee se zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm l\u00e9pe a pohodln\u011bni pracuje,<\/li>\n<li>zajist\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch prohl\u00eddek zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 vyplynuly z\u00a0kategorizace prac\u00ed, a t\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed nemocnost zam\u011bstnanc\u016f a op\u011bt tak zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed jejich produktivitu pr\u00e1ce,<\/li>\n<li>zajist\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed kontrol, zkou\u0161ek a reviz\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b odstran\u011bn\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00e1vad) technick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jeho zam\u011bstnanci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, a d\u00edky jim je i\u00a0nad\u00e1le udr\u017euje v\u00a0provozuschopn\u00e9m stavu, nebo\u0165 v\u00a0jejich d\u016fsledku prov\u00e1d\u00ed jejich pravidelnou \u00fadr\u017ebu a sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed si tak provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady, p\u0159\u00edp. i\u00a0investi\u010dn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">2017-01-28<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=4613\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/img\/menubutton.jpg\" alt=\"o uroven vyse\" width=\"50\" height=\"72\"><\/a><\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pojem \u201emikrofirma\u201c je pojmem ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm a ozna\u010duje firmy s\u00a0maxim\u00e1ln\u011b dev\u00edti\u00a0zam\u011bstnanci a s\u00a0ro\u010dn\u00edm obratem nep\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm 2\u00a0000\u00a0000 EUR. V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice je t\u011bchto firem drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina (v\u00edce ne\u017e 90\u00a0%). Po\u017eadavky na\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed BOZP nerozli\u0161uj\u00ed mezi velkou a malou firmou nebo dokonce mikrofirmou. Zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1-li zam\u011bstnavatel pouze jednoho zam\u011bstnance, mus\u00ed plnit stejn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na\u00a0zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed BOZP jako zam\u011bstnavatel s\u00a0n\u011bkolika stovkami zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. P\u0159itom [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/711"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=711"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/711\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5986,"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/711\/revisions\/5986"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=711"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}