{"id":891,"date":"2017-01-18T13:29:55","date_gmt":"2017-01-18T12:29:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=891"},"modified":"2023-08-09T18:23:08","modified_gmt":"2023-08-09T16:23:08","slug":"pravni-rad-evropske-unie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=891","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d Evropsk\u00e9 unie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pr\u00e1vo EU m\u00e1 p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed \u010desk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem. Proto vznikne-li rozpor mezi ob\u011bma pr\u00e1vy, v\u017edy plat\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed pr\u00e1va Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1vo EU se d\u011bl\u00ed na n\u011bkolik z\u00e1kladn\u00edch oblast\u00ed. Tzv. prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo je tvo\u0159eno souborem smluv a pr\u00e1vn\u00edch akt\u016f postaven\u00fdch jim narove\u0148, kter\u00e9 vymezuj\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed r\u00e1mec Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Jedn\u00e1 se o z\u00e1kladn\u00ed smlouvy, protokoly, prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Lisabonsk\u00e9 smlouvy. Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a sm\u011brnice. Ty jsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b hlavn\u00edm zdrojem pr\u00e1va EU. Z ostatn\u00edch pramen\u016f pr\u00e1va EU je v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tzv. soudcovsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo \u2013 tj. judikatura Evropsk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho dvora. Ten je pov\u011b\u0159en vykl\u00e1dat a posuzovat platnost, jako\u017e i aplikovat pr\u00e1vo vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed ze z\u0159izovac\u00edch smluv a norem p\u0159ijat\u00fdch org\u00e1ny unie. Judikatura Evropsk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho dvora je z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 nejen pro subjekty p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edc\u00edch se sporu, ale i pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed soudy.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a sm\u011brnice jsou vyd\u00e1v\u00e1ny v \u00da\u0159edn\u00edm v\u011bstn\u00edku EU. Ten obsahuje i judik\u00e1ty evropsk\u00fdch soud\u016f a je jedin\u00fdm ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm zdrojem pr\u00e1vn\u00edch norem EU. Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed dokument ozna\u010den\u00fd jako &#8222;konsolidovan\u00fd&#8220; je \u00fapln\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto p\u0159edpisu (po zapracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech novel). Umo\u017enit nahl\u00ed\u017eet do \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho v\u011bstn\u00edku EU maj\u00ed za povinnost jednotliv\u00e9 kraje i hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Praha.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je obecn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis, tedy i pro \u010ceskou republiku a jej\u00ed ob\u010dany. Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee je z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 od okam\u017eiku, kdy vstoup\u00ed v platnost. Nen\u00ed nutn\u00e9, aby bylo n\u011bk\u00fdm v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice schv\u00e1leno a vyhl\u00e1\u0161eno ve Sb\u00edrce z\u00e1kon\u016f. Jedn\u00e1 se tak o tzv. p\u0159\u00edmo pou\u017eiteln\u00fd p\u0159edpis EU. Pokud by byl obsah na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v rozporu s pr\u00e1vn\u00edm p\u0159edpisem \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, automaticky jej nahrazuje. Jako p\u0159\u00edklad na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 uv\u00e9st Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady (ES) \u010d. 1272\/2008 o klasifikaci, ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a balen\u00ed l\u00e1tek a sm\u011bs\u00ed nebo Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Rady \u010d. 1612\/68 o voln\u00e9m pohybu pracovn\u00edk\u016f v r\u00e1mci Spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Sm\u011brnice je z\u00e1vazn\u00e1 ve smyslu v\u00fdsledku, kter\u00e9ho m\u00e1 b\u00fdt j\u00ed dosa\u017eeno a prakticky je adresov\u00e1na vl\u00e1d\u00e1m jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Volba forem a prost\u0159edk\u016f, kter\u00fdmi bude stanoven\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f dosa\u017eeno, je nech\u00e1na na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni. Proto sm\u011brnice neplat\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo a je nutn\u00e9 jejich po\u017eadavky zapracovat do n\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud nedojde k zapracov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9ho ustanoven\u00ed do n\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du, \u017ee by nebylo soudn\u011b vynutiteln\u00e9. Podle Evropsk\u00e9ho soudn\u00edho dvora jsou sm\u011brnice p\u0159\u00edmo vynutiteln\u00e9, jestli\u017ee je \u010dlensk\u00fd st\u00e1t neimplementuje \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b a ve lh\u016ft\u011b sm\u011brnicemi stanoven\u00e9 a pokud jsou opat\u0159en\u00ed sm\u011brnice dostate\u010dn\u011b jasn\u00e1, p\u0159esn\u00e1 a bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159i zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch dokument\u016f EU se m\u016f\u017eete setkat s\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdmi, pro v\u00e1s mo\u017en\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00fdmi pojmy \u2013 aproximace, transpozice \u010di implementace. Aproximace znamen\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed (harmonizaci), transpozice zapracov\u00e1n\u00ed do n\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a implementace zna\u010d\u00ed uskute\u010d\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, tedy zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho p\u0159edpisu jeho u\u017eivatelem (zam\u011bstnavatelem, dozorov\u00fdmi org\u00e1ny apod.).<\/p>\n<p>V souvislosti s evropsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem je nutn\u00e9 uv\u00e9st, \u017ee pokud je zam\u011bstnanec vysl\u00e1n do jin\u00e9 zem\u011b EU k plrn\u011bn\u00ed pracovn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dodr\u017eov\u00e1ny p\u0159edpisy toho st\u00e1tu, do n\u011bho\u017e je vysl\u00e1n, pokud se jedn\u00e1 o maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e9lku dovolen\u00e9, o minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mzdu, p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 zaru\u010den\u00e9 mzdy a p\u0159\u00edplatky za pr\u00e1ci p\u0159es\u010das, <strong>o bezpe\u010dnost a ochranu zdrav\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci,<\/strong> o pracovn\u00ed podm\u00ednky t\u011bhotn\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanky\u0148, zam\u011bstnanky\u0148, kter\u00e9 koj\u00ed a zam\u011bstnanky\u0148-matek do konce dev\u00e1t\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00edce po porodu a mladistv\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, o rovn\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se zam\u011bstnanci a zam\u011bstnankyn\u011bmi a o z\u00e1kaz diskriminace a o pracovn\u00ed podm\u00ednky p\u0159i agenturn\u00edm zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci a jejich zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed je k n\u00e1m vyslali, mus\u00ed ve vztahu k nim v uveden\u00fdch oblastech dodr\u017eovat na\u0161e pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy. Pokud m\u00e1 na\u0161e spole\u010dnost sv\u00e9 pobo\u010dky v zem\u00edch Evropsk\u00e9 unie, nebo vy\u0161le zam\u011bstnance k jin\u00e9mu zam\u011bstnavateli v jin\u00e9 zemi EU, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dodr\u017eeny p\u0159edpisy \u0159e\u0161\u00edc\u00ed uveden\u00e9 oblasti v zem\u00edch, v kter\u00fdch na\u0161i zam\u011bstnanci p\u016fsob\u00ed. I v oblasti BOZP, kter\u00e1 je upravena evropsk\u00fdmi p\u0159edpisy, plat\u00ed v jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00edch odli\u0161nosti, kter\u00e9 jdou nad r\u00e1mec evropsk\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">2023-08-09<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=837\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/img\/menubutton.jpg\" alt=\"o uroven vyse\" width=\"50\" height=\"72\"><\/a><\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pr\u00e1vo EU m\u00e1 p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed \u010desk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem. Proto vznikne-li rozpor mezi ob\u011bma pr\u00e1vy, v\u017edy plat\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 ustanoven\u00ed pr\u00e1va Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Pr\u00e1vo EU se d\u011bl\u00ed na n\u011bkolik z\u00e1kladn\u00edch oblast\u00ed. Tzv. prim\u00e1rn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo je tvo\u0159eno souborem smluv a pr\u00e1vn\u00edch akt\u016f postaven\u00fdch jim narove\u0148, kter\u00e9 vymezuj\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed r\u00e1mec Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Jedn\u00e1 se o z\u00e1kladn\u00ed smlouvy, protokoly, prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/891"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=891"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/891\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5576,"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/891\/revisions\/5576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=891"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}