{"id":789,"date":"2017-01-15T18:14:11","date_gmt":"2017-01-15T17:14:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=789"},"modified":"2023-08-27T12:02:26","modified_gmt":"2023-08-27T10:02:26","slug":"evakuace-a-pozarni-evakuacni-plan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=789","title":{"rendered":"Evakuace a po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed evakua\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Evakuace je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0n\u00e1stroj\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u011b \u010dasov\u011b nebo prostorov\u011b omezen\u00fd charakter.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1453\" src=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/09_18_2013_18_17_48.jpg\" alt=\"09_18_2013_18_17_48\" width=\"340\" height=\"255\" srcset=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/09_18_2013_18_17_48.jpg 640w, http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/09_18_2013_18_17_48-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\" \/>D\u016fvod\u016f k\u00a0proveden\u00ed evakuace m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt cel\u00e1 \u0159ada \u2013 po\u017e\u00e1r, povode\u0148, teroristick\u00fd \u00fatok, porucha technologick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, vliv mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, ke\u00a0kter\u00e9 do\u0161lo u\u00a0jin\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho subjektu atd. V\u017edy se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0velmi z\u00e1sadn\u00ed z\u00e1sah do\u00a0\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chodu firmy nebo spole\u010dnosti, a to v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159\u00edpadu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed cvi\u010dn\u00e9 evakuace, kterou je vhodn\u00e9 ob\u010das prov\u00e9st, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b jsou-li podm\u00ednky pro evakuaci slo\u017eit\u00e9 &#8211; viz obr\u00e1zek (z\u00e1kon o\u00a0po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed ochran\u011b ji vy\u017eaduje pouze za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek\u00a0\u2013\u00a0viz d\u00e1le).<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce v\u00a0\u00a7\u00a0102 po ka\u017ed\u00e9m zam\u011bstnavateli po\u017eaduje p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edpad zdol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed (hav\u00e1rie, po\u017e\u00e1ry, povodn\u011b), jin\u00fdch nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a <strong>evakuace<\/strong> <strong>zam\u011bstnanc\u016f.<\/strong> Tedy ka\u017ed\u00fd zam\u011bstnavatel by m\u011bl m\u00edt zpracov\u00e1n jak\u00fdsi pl\u00e1n pro p\u0159\u00edpadnou evakuaci zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, jin\u00fdch osob, zv\u00ed\u0159at a materi\u00e1lu. V\u011bt\u0161inou m\u00e1 tuto povinnost spln\u011bnu zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edho evakua\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu. Ten v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt zpracov\u00e1n v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9 firm\u011b (o\u00a0tom v\u00edce d\u00e1le), a proto v\u00a0souladu se z\u00e1kon\u00edkem pr\u00e1ce by m\u011bl b\u00fdt jak\u00fdsi pl\u00e1n evakuace zpracov\u00e1n i\u00a0ve\u00a0firm\u011b, kde to z\u00e1kon o po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed ochran\u011b nepo\u017eaduje.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u00a0pl\u00e1n mus\u00ed nav\u00e1zat person\u00e1ln\u00ed a materi\u00e1ln\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 evakuace. I\u00a0to je nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt p\u0159edem napl\u00e1novan\u00e9 a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9. Velmi d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prostor, do\u00a0kter\u00fdch se bude evakuace prov\u00e1d\u011bt.<\/p>\n<p>Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed evakuace m\u016f\u017ee zam\u011bstnavateli vyplynout i\u00a0z\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00a0p\u0159edpis\u016f po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed ochrany a <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=972\">krizov\u00e9ho managementu<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed evakua\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed evakua\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dokumentace po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed ochrany. Upravuje postup p\u0159i evakuaci osob, zv\u00ed\u0159at a materi\u00e1l\u016f z\u00a0objekt\u016f zasa\u017een\u00fdch nebo ohro\u017een\u00fdch po\u017e\u00e1rem.<\/p>\n<p>Vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka o\u00a0po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed prevenci nepo\u017eaduje jeho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u00a0v\u0161ech objektech, nap\u0159\u00edklad nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt zpracov\u00e1n ve\u00a0firm\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 provozuj\u00ed pouze \u010dinnosti bez zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edho nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Ve\u00a0firm\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 provozuj\u00ed \u010dinnosti se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zpracov\u00e1n pro\u00a0objekty a prostory, kde jsou slo\u017eit\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro z\u00e1sah. Kter\u00e9 podm\u00ednky jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za slo\u017eit\u00e9 pro z\u00e1sah ur\u010duje vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d. 246\/2001 Sb. v\u00a0\u00a7\u00a018. Pl\u00e1n t\u00e9\u017e mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zpracov\u00e1n v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee tak stanov\u00ed dokumentace PO zpracovan\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b stanoven\u00ed podm\u00ednek po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti \u2013 \u201eStanoven\u00ed organizace zabezpe\u010den\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed ochrany\u201c. P\u0159i\u00a0provozov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dinnosti s vysok\u00fdm po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy zpracov\u00e1n po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed evakua\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p>Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee pl\u00e1n je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dokumentace PO, sm\u00ed jej zpracovat pouze technik PO nebo odborn\u011b zp\u016fsobil\u00e1 osoba v\u00a0PO. Pl\u00e1n mus\u00ed obsahovat vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou stanoven\u00e9 form\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1le\u017eitosti.<\/p>\n<p>Po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed evakua\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u2013 textov\u00e9 a grafick\u00e9. Textov\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st obsahuje ur\u010den\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>osoby, kter\u00e1 bude evakuaci organizovat,<\/li>\n<li>m\u00edsta, ze kter\u00e9ho bude evakuace \u0159\u00edzena,<\/li>\n<li>osob a prost\u0159edk\u016f s\u00a0jejich\u017e pomoc\u00ed bude evakuace prov\u00e1d\u011bna,<\/li>\n<li>cest a zp\u016fsobu evakuace,<\/li>\n<li>m\u00edsta, kde se evakuovan\u00ed soust\u0159ed\u00ed (osoby, zv\u00ed\u0159ata),<\/li>\n<li>zam\u011bstnance, kter\u00fd provede kontrolu po\u010dtu evakuovan\u00fdch osob,<\/li>\n<li>zp\u016fsobu zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed prvn\u00ed pomoci,<\/li>\n<li>m\u00edsta, kde se bude soust\u0159e\u010fovat evakuovan\u00fd materi\u00e1l a ur\u010den\u00ed zp\u016fsobu jeho st\u0159e\u017een\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Grafick\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 slou\u017eit k\u00a0zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011bru \u00fanikov\u00fdch cest, m\u00e1 b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bna na\u00a0dob\u0159e viditeln\u00e9m a trvale p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch podla\u017e\u00edch (ve\u00a0stavb\u00e1ch ubytovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se tak\u00e9 umis\u0165uje uvnit\u0159 ubytovac\u00edch jednotek). M\u011bla by b\u00fdt p\u0159ehledn\u00e1 a srozumiteln\u00e1. Z\u00a0tohoto d\u016fvodu se m\u00e1 jednat o\u00a0jednoduchou kresbu odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u00e9mu stavu. Zcela nevhodn\u00e9 je pou\u017e\u00edt kopii stavebn\u00edho v\u00fdkresu a zakreslit do\u00a0n\u00ed sm\u011br \u00faniku. Nevhodn\u00fd je t\u00e9\u017e p\u016fdorysn\u00fd pl\u00e1nek podla\u017e\u00ed zapln\u011bn\u00fd \u0161ipkami, kter\u00e9 vyzna\u010duj\u00ed sm\u011br \u00fanikov\u00fdch cest ze\u00a0v\u0161ech dve\u0159\u00ed na\u00a0pat\u0159e.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Jak by tedy m\u011bla grafick\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edho evakua\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu vypadat?<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>M\u011bla by b\u00fdt vytvo\u0159ena pro jednotliv\u00e1 podla\u017e\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pro jejich \u010d\u00e1sti, pokud jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 a v jednotliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u00fanik po samostatn\u00e9 \u00fanikov\u00e9 cest\u011b. Na pl\u00e1nku by m\u011blo b\u00fdt vyzna\u010deno m\u00edsto, kde je pl\u00e1nek um\u00edst\u011bn (m\u00edsto, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00edte). Pl\u00e1nek mus\u00ed b\u00fdt um\u00edst\u011bn tak, aby byl spr\u00e1vn\u011b orientov\u00e1n (p\u016fdorys a sm\u011br \u00fanikov\u00e9 cesty odpov\u00eddal re\u00e1lu). Sm\u011br \u00fanikov\u00fdch cest je vyzna\u010den pouze od m\u00edsta um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed pl\u00e1nku. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt zpracov\u00e1n v\u00edce ne\u017e jeden pl\u00e1nek grafick\u00e9ho zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed \u00fanikov\u00fdch cest pro jedno podla\u017e\u00ed. Na vzorovou uk\u00e1zku se m\u016f\u017eete pod\u00edvat <a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/ukazka-eva-planu.pdf\"><strong>zde<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Po\u017eadavky technick\u00e9 normy<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Do problematiky evakuace zasahuje <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=909\">\u010desk\u00e1 technick\u00e1 norma<\/a><\/strong> \u010cSN ISO 23601:2011 (01\u00a08017) Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed identifikace \u2013 \u00danikov\u00e9 a evakua\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny. Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed sama norma, pojem \u201e\u00fanikov\u00fd pl\u00e1n\u201c je srovnateln\u00fd s\u00a0pojmem \u201egrafick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edloha po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edho evakua\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu\u201c, je\u017e je pou\u017eit ve\u00a0vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce \u010d. 246\/2001\u00a0Sb. Norma potvrzuje mnoh\u00e9 zde ji\u017e uveden\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na\u00a0zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto dokumentu, nap\u0159\u00edklad nutnost zna\u010den\u00ed \u00faniku pouze z\u00a0jednoho m\u00edsta, vyzna\u010den\u00ed m\u00edsta, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00edte, spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed pl\u00e1nu v\u00a0objektu atd. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e9 po\u017eadavky, je\u017e uvedeny nebyly.<\/p>\n<p>Technick\u00e1 norma stanovuje p\u0159esn\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na\u00a0n\u00e1vrh \u00fanikov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu, resp. grafick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edlohy po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edho evakua\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu. Stanovuje, \u017ee jak\u00fdkoliv \u00fanikov\u00fd pl\u00e1n mus\u00ed spl\u0148ovat: indikov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 polohy u\u017eivatele, barevn\u00e9 proveden\u00ed, po\u017eadavek nep\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed stanoven\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka zmen\u0161en\u00ed, minim\u00e1ln\u00ed velikost pl\u00e1nu (A3, pouze pl\u00e1ny um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch m\u00edstnostech mohou b\u00fdt A4), po\u017eadavek na barvu pozad\u00ed (b\u00edl\u00e1 nebo fosforeskuj\u00edc\u00ed b\u00edl\u00e1), orientaci pl\u00e1nu, uveden\u00ed legendy, m\u00edsta shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed atd. T\u00e9\u017e stanovuje minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ku pou\u017eit\u00e9ho p\u00edsma (2\u00a0mm), minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ku z\u00e1hlav\u00ed (7\u00a0% nejmen\u0161\u00edho rozm\u011bru \u00fanikov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nu), jako\u017e i\u00a0minim\u00e1ln\u00ed rozm\u011bry v\u00a0pl\u00e1nu uveden\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch zna\u010dek (7\u00a0mm) a tlou\u0161\u0165ky \u010dar nosn\u00fdch st\u011bn (min. 1,6\u00a0mm), d\u011bl\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010dek (min. 0,6\u00a0mm) a oken \u010di schodi\u0161\u0165 (min. 0,15\u00a0mm). \u010c\u00e1ry konstruk\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f objekt\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u010dern\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Norma upravuje celou \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f \u2013 p\u0159ehledov\u00fd pl\u00e1n (zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 grafick\u00e9 zobrazen\u00ed k\u00a0ur\u010den\u00ed vztahu zobrazen\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti k\u00a0celkov\u00e9mu objektu), podobu sm\u011brov\u00e9 \u0161ipky, obsah legendy, pou\u017eit\u00ed barev (nap\u0159\u00edklad sm\u011brov\u00e9 \u0161ipky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00a0bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed zelen\u00e9 a \u00fanikov\u00e9 cesty mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zv\u00fdrazn\u011bny sv\u011btle zelenou, kter\u00e1 poskytuje dostate\u010dn\u00fd kontrast k\u00a0\u0161ipk\u00e1m), instalaci a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed pl\u00e1nu, jeho kontrolu a revize. V\u00a0informativn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edloh\u00e1ch normy jsou uvedeny vzory proveden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace naleznete v p\u0159ilo\u017een\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku <a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/EVAKUACE.pdf\"><strong>\u010dl\u00e1nku<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Vzor tzv. rozehry, tedy dokumentu, jen\u017e uv\u00e1d\u00ed chronologick\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh cvi\u010dn\u011b evakuace, resp. cvi\u010dn\u00e9ho po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edho poplachu, v\u010detn\u011b simulovan\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete nal\u00e9zt <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/rozehra.pdf\">zde<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">2023-08-27<\/p>\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><p align=\"center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=9\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/img\/menubutton.jpg\" alt=\"o uroven vyse\" width=\"50\" height=\"72\"><\/a><\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evakuace je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0n\u00e1stroj\u016f \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt r\u016fzn\u011b \u010dasov\u011b nebo prostorov\u011b omezen\u00fd charakter. D\u016fvod\u016f k\u00a0proveden\u00ed evakuace m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt cel\u00e1 \u0159ada \u2013 po\u017e\u00e1r, povode\u0148, teroristick\u00fd \u00fatok, porucha technologick\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, vliv mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, ke\u00a0kter\u00e9 do\u0161lo u\u00a0jin\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho subjektu atd. V\u017edy se jedn\u00e1 o\u00a0velmi z\u00e1sadn\u00ed z\u00e1sah do\u00a0\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chodu firmy nebo spole\u010dnosti, a to v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159\u00edpadu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/789"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=789"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/789\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5603,"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/789\/revisions\/5603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=789"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}