{"id":753,"date":"2017-01-15T12:48:24","date_gmt":"2017-01-15T11:48:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=753"},"modified":"2025-02-16T19:35:40","modified_gmt":"2025-02-16T18:35:40","slug":"teorie-managementu-rizik-pri-praci","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/?page_id=753","title":{"rendered":"O vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci"},"content":{"rendered":"
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P\u0159i vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed rizik nesm\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 uniknout<\/p><\/div>\n

V\u00a0BOZP jsou v\u00a0r\u00e1mci managementu rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci prov\u00e1d\u011bna dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed posouzen\u00ed rizik \u2013\u00a0pro oblast bezpe\u010dnosti pr\u00e1ce (B<\/strong>OZP<\/strong>) a pro oblast ochrany zdrav\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci (BOZP<\/strong>), tedy zjednodu\u0161en\u011b pro oblast hygieny pr\u00e1ce. Prvn\u00ed, vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci, vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0\u00a7\u00a0102 z\u00e1kon\u00edku pr\u00e1ce, ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Druh\u00e9, kategorizace prac\u00ed<\/strong><\/a>, z\u00a0\u00a7\u00a037 z\u00e1kona \u010d. 258\/2000\u00a0Sb., o ochran\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed, ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce (\u00a7\u00a0102) po zam\u011bstnavateli po\u017eaduje, aby soustavn\u011b<\/strong> vyhled\u00e1val nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u010dinitele<\/a><\/strong> a procesy pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek a zji\u0161\u0165oval jejich p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a zdroje<\/strong><\/a>, tedy prov\u00e1d\u011bl identifikaci nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho je povinen vyhled\u00e1vat a vyhodnocovat rizika (analyzovat rizika, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u011bt anal\u00fdzu \u010detnost\u00ed a anal\u00fdzu n\u00e1sledk\u016f, a hodnotit rizika). D\u00e1le je t\u00e9\u017e na\u00a0z\u00e1klad\u011b zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho povinen p\u0159ij\u00edmat opat\u0159en\u00ed k\u00a0odstran\u011bn\u00ed rizik (regulovat rizika). K\u00a0tomuto \u00fa\u010delu mus\u00ed pravideln\u011b kontrolovat \u00farove\u0148 BOZP, zejm\u00e9na stav v\u00fdrobn\u00edch a pracovn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f, vybaven\u00ed pracovi\u0161\u0165 a \u00farove\u0148 rizikov\u00fdch faktor\u016f pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n

\"management-rizik\"<\/p>\n

Pokud nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 rizika odstranit, z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce po zam\u011bstnavateli po\u017eaduje tato rizika vyhodnotit a p\u0159ijmout opat\u0159en\u00ed k\u00a0omezen\u00ed jejich p\u016fsoben\u00ed tak, aby ohro\u017een\u00ed zdrav\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f bylo minimalizov\u00e1no. P\u0159ijat\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou ned\u00edlnou a rovnocennou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u0161ech \u010dinnost\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatele na v\u0161ech stupn\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce tak po zam\u011bstnavateli po\u017eaduje, aby ve sv\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti realizoval management rizik p\u0159i\u00a0pr\u00e1ci \u2013 viz sch\u00e9ma<\/strong><\/a>. Vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy provedeno pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed firmu\u00a0nebo spole\u010dnost. Nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 je nijak zobecnit nebo vyu\u017e\u00edt po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch program\u016f bez \u00faprav podle konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch podm\u00ednek na pracovi\u0161t\u00edch zam\u011bstnavatele.<\/p>\n

Vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed rizik<\/h4>\n

V r\u00e1mci vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed rizik by m\u011blo doch\u00e1zet ke srovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu s optim\u00e1ln\u00edm. Nejedn\u00e1 se tedy o kontrolu, kdy se skute\u010dn\u00fd stav srovn\u00e1v\u00e1 s po\u017eadavky pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, ani o audit, kdy se vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 neshody, tedy z\u00e1vady syst\u00e9mu, nikoliv nespln\u011bn\u00ed jednotliv\u00e9ho po\u017eadavku BOZP. Ze srovn\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011bly vyplynou rozd\u00edly, kter\u00e9 mohou zp\u016fsobit \u0161kodu (\u00fajmu) \u2013 pracovn\u00ed \u00faraz, nemoc z povol\u00e1n\u00ed, ohro\u017een\u00ed nemoc\u00ed z\u00a0povol\u00e1n\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pracovn\u00ed pohody. Vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed by m\u011blo pokr\u00fdt pracovn\u00ed rizika, kter\u00e1 lze rozumn\u011b p\u0159edv\u00eddat. K\u00a0rizik\u016fm vyvolan\u00fdm norm\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u017eivotn\u00edmi aktivitami se b\u011b\u017en\u011b nep\u0159ihl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. U t\u011bchto rizik nem\u00e1 smysl prov\u00e1d\u011bt podrobn\u00e9 posouzen\u00ed, pokud je pracovn\u00ed \u010dinnost nebo organizace pr\u00e1ce nezvy\u0161uje.<\/p>\n

Vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed rizik je nutn\u00e9 strukturovat, aby se pamatovalo na v\u0161echna relevantn\u00ed ohro\u017een\u00ed a rizika a nedo\u0161lo k p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnut\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00fakol\u016f jako je \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se prov\u00e1d\u00ed mimo obvyklou pracovn\u00ed dobu.<\/p>\n

Metody pro vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci<\/h4>\n

Nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodu, resp. metody, nebo\u0165 v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 je pou\u017eit\u00ed n\u011bkolika metod, vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci, jako\u017e i nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodu vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci, si mus\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd zam\u011bstnavatel stanovit s\u00e1m, a to s\u00a0p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm ke v\u0161em aspekt\u016fm sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Pro vyhodnocen\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad metodu JBM <\/a>nebo BOMECH (tu i\u00a0pro vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed rizik a vyhodnocen\u00ed efektivnosti p\u0159ijat\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed). Do vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed rizik by m\u011bli b\u00fdt zapojeni i zam\u011bstnanci pracuj\u00edc\u00ed na pracovi\u0161ti, kde jsou rizika hodnocena. K tomu je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0dotazn\u00edk<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci je v\u017edy subjektivn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v sob\u011b skr\u00fdv\u00e1 dv\u011b nebezpe\u010d\u00ed \u2013 nadhodnocen\u00ed m\u00edry rizika a podhodnocen\u00ed m\u00edry rizika. Oboj\u00ed je ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed. Proto je vhodn\u00e9, je-li vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik, stejn\u011b jako bylo jejich vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed, prov\u00e1d\u011bno komisioneln\u011b.<\/p>\n

Stanoven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/h4>\n

Pro napln\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho c\u00edle managementu rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci mus\u00ed na identifikaci a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik nav\u00e1zat stanoven\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed k omezen\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed rizik nebo, v lep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, k vylou\u010den\u00ed rizik. P\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed optim\u00e1ln\u00edho opat\u0159en\u00ed by se v\u017edy m\u011blo za\u010d\u00edt ot\u00e1zkou, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 riziko vylou\u010dit.<\/p>\n

Dokumentace o vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci<\/h4>\n

Z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce v \u00a7\u00a0102 odst. 4 po zam\u011bstnavateli po\u017eaduje v\u00e9st dokumentaci o vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik a o p\u0159ijat\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch. Kter\u00e9 dokumenty tuto dokumentaci tvo\u0159\u00ed nen\u00ed ur\u010deno, ale lze dovodit, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o v\u0161echny dokumenty dokl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed zp\u016fsob a pr\u016fb\u011bh vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci. \u00dadaje z\u00a0nich je mo\u017en\u00e9 sumarizovat do protokolu<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed povinnosti<\/h4>\n

Schv\u00e1len\u00edm navr\u017een\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0protokolu, v\u0161ak pr\u00e1ce nekon\u010d\u00ed. M\u011bl by b\u00fdt zpracov\u00e1n harmonogram jejich realizace. Na n\u011bj mus\u00ed nav\u00e1zat rozeps\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fakol\u016f jednotliv\u00fdm odpov\u011bdn\u00fdm zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm. Pln\u011bn\u00ed tohoto harmonogramu mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b kontrolov\u00e1no a vyhodnocov\u00e1no veden\u00edm spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

S\u00a0vyhledan\u00fdmi riziky a p\u0159ijat\u00fdmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi mus\u00ed b\u00fdt sezn\u00e1meny odborov\u00e9 org\u00e1ny nebo z\u00e1stupci zam\u011bstnanc\u016f pro oblast BOZP, zam\u011bstnanci, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou riziky ohro\u017eeni a jich\u017e se dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed p\u0159ijat\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00ed vedouc\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci zam\u011bstnavatele, jeho\u017e zam\u011bstnanci pracuj\u00ed na spole\u010dn\u00fdch pracovi\u0161t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Pokud vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik m\u00e1 slou\u017eit k\u00a0\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed rizik, je nezbytn\u00e9 jej po ur\u010dit\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed zopakovat, nebo\u0165 rizika se v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bn v\u00fdrobn\u00edch technologi\u00ed, zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vliv\u016f, v\u00fdrobn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f atd. neust\u00e1le m\u011bn\u00ed. Rezidu\u00e1ln\u00ed (zbytkov\u00e1) rizika by m\u011bla b\u00fdt po ur\u010dit\u00e9 dob\u011b znovu zhodnocena a m\u011bla by b\u00fdt znovu zv\u00e1\u017eena mo\u017enost jejich vylou\u010den\u00ed nebo dal\u0161\u00edho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jejich m\u00edry.<\/p>\n

K nov\u00e9mu vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik by m\u011blo doj\u00edt v\u017edy, kdy v nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu doch\u00e1z\u00ed k takov\u00e9mu z\u00e1sahu do\u00a0pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00fd by mohl zm\u011bnit vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed rizika na\u00a0pracovi\u0161ti, nap\u0159\u00edklad nov\u00e9 procesy, nov\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo materi\u00e1ly, zm\u011bna organizace pr\u00e1ce, nov\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed situace v\u010detn\u011b nov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch prostor. I\u00a0kdy\u017e nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m, m\u011blo by b\u00fdt pravideln\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bno nov\u00e9 vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci (z\u00e1kon\u00edk pr\u00e1ce po\u017eaduje soustavn\u00e9<\/strong> vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed). Za optim\u00e1ln\u00ed je mo\u017en\u00e9 pova\u017eovat lh\u016ftu jeden rok (nap\u0159\u00edklad na\u00a0ja\u0159e prov\u00e9st prov\u011brky BOZP a na\u00a0podzim vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i\u00a0pr\u00e1ci).<\/p>\n

2017-01-30<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n

\"o<\/a><\/p><\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V\u00a0BOZP jsou v\u00a0r\u00e1mci managementu rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci prov\u00e1d\u011bna dv\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00ed posouzen\u00ed rizik \u2013\u00a0pro oblast bezpe\u010dnosti pr\u00e1ce (BOZP) a pro oblast ochrany zdrav\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci (BOZP), tedy zjednodu\u0161en\u011b pro oblast hygieny pr\u00e1ce. Prvn\u00ed, vyhled\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhodnocen\u00ed rizik p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci, vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z\u00a0\u00a7\u00a0102 z\u00e1kon\u00edku pr\u00e1ce, ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Druh\u00e9, kategorizace prac\u00ed, z\u00a0\u00a7\u00a037 z\u00e1kona \u010d. 258\/2000\u00a0Sb., o ochran\u011b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/753"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=753"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/753\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6072,"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/753\/revisions\/6072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/bozppo-neu.cz\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=753"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}